A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has successfully developed an innovative "metamaterial antenna" that can dynamically adjust its frequency range through physical deformation (such as bending, stretching, or compressing). This technology has the potential to save space, materials, and energy in devices.
This flexible antenna is based on a "metamaterial"—a material whose properties are determined by its geometry rather than the material itself. Unlike traditional rigid metal antennas, this component shifts its resonant frequency when deformed, enabling a single device to be compatible with multiple wireless communication standards. Potential applications include wireless charging, augmented reality motion tracking, and flexible communication technologies.
"The geometry of the metamaterial significantly reduces the complexity of the mechanical system," said Marwa AlAlawi, a doctoral student in mechanical engineering and the team leader. Tests have shown that the prototype antenna can shift the resonant frequency by 2.6%, enough to enable headphones to switch between different operating modes.
The antenna is made of a laser-cut rubber base coated with a conductive layer and covered with a flexible acrylic protective layer. Experiments have proven its exceptional durability, maintaining its functionality after over 10,000 deformation cycles.
In addition to signal transmission, the antenna can also function as a sensor: frequency changes can provide feedback on deformation, for example, monitoring breathing or acting as a "smart curtain" to sense light changes. In wearable devices, earphones could switch between noise cancellation and transparency modes simply by physically deforming them.
The MIT team has developed supporting digital design tools to support computer modeling, simulation, and precision manufacturing of customized antennas. Next steps include developing a three-dimensional version, expanding the design tool's capabilities, and improving the material's durability.
